The progression
Each witness holds its own catalogue. They are not merged: the same apparatus appears under each book’s own name until a single cross-witness resolution pass runs over every deposed witness at once.
Maria Montessori, Dr. Montessori's Own Handbook (1914)
primary · material-by-material walkthrough, illustrated throughout · probed across leaves 42–165 (Didactic Material through Arithmetic, printed pp. 18–113) · catalogue blocked at 0.84, adjudicated by google/gemini-3.6-flash
● readiness age · ■ control of error · □ seen in a plate. Dashed = one arm only.
Asserted orderings
“Another exercise which the child can do at the same time is to place the disc bearing the name of the note on the rectangular base of the corresponding bell, whose sound he has already learned to recognize by ear in the sensorial exercise described above.”
gemini-3.6-flash read the same pages and asserted nothing (leaf 144). Recorded, not resolved.
“The child has not actually performed a new exercise, because he had already performed all these movements when he touched the wooden plane insets.”
gemini-2.5-flash-lite read the same pages and asserted nothing (leaf 128). Recorded, not resolved.
“After the board with the two contrasting sur- faces, the child is offered another board on which are gummed strips of paper which are rough or smooth in different degrees.”
gemini-3.6-flash read the same pages and asserted nothing (leaf 67, leaf 68, leaf 69). Recorded, not resolved.
“Let us look at the three sets of material which are presented after the exercises with the solid insets, i.e., the material for teaching size (the pink cubes), thickness (the brown prisms), and length (the green rods).”
“Let us look at the three sets of material which are presented after the exercises with the solid insets, i.e., the material for teaching size (the pink cubes), thickness (the brown prisms), and length (the green rods).”
“Let us look at the three sets of material which are presented after the exercises with the solid insets, i.e., the material for teaching size (the pink cubes), thickness (the brown prisms), and length (the green rods).”
Materials with a quote-verified attribute (4 of 67)
Solid Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden blocks with recessed holes into which corresponding knobbed cylinders fit.summary, not a quotation
1 readiness age · control of error stated · 1 plate sighting
called: “Case of Cylinders”, “solid forms”, “the cylinders”, “the solid insets”, “the solid insets and cylinders”
“which can be done even by a child of two and a half.”
“Here tlie child cannot help seeing his mistake in concrete form. He is perplexed, his little mind is faced with a problem which interests him intensely. Before, all the cylinders fitted, now there is one that will not fit. The little one stops, frowning, deep in thought. He begins to feel the little buttons and finds that some cylinders have too much room. He thinks that perhaps they are out of their right place and tries to place them correctly. He repeats the process again and again, and finally he succeeds.”
Plane Geometrical Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden geometric shapes with small knobs that fit into framed trays, accompanied by three series of corresponding shape cards.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated
called: “plane insets”, “the geometric insets and cards”, “the geometrical insets and cards”, “the plane insets”
“Here also the control of the error is in the material, for the figure cannot be inserted perfectly except when it is put in its own place.”
Musical Notation Materialresolved name
music
A wooden staff board accompanied by movable discs used for learning musical note placement.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated
“Then they verify their work by turning the discs over and reading the name.”
“If he is not sure he consults the numbered board (Fig. 33).”
Montessori Bellsresolved name
music
A set of tuned metal bells mounted on wooden bases used for auditory pitch pairing and scale grading.summary, not a quotation
1 readiness age
“This exercise fascinates children from five years old upwards.”
The rest of the catalogue — 63 materials the book names without stating an age or a control of error
Pink Towerresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten pink wooden cubes varying in three dimensions from one cubic centimeter to one thousand cubic centimeters.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Pink cubes”, “The Tower”, “cubes”, “the cubes”, “the pink cubes”, “the tower of cubes”, “the tower of the pink cubes”
Sandpaper Lettersresolved name
language
Cards featuring letters of the alphabet cut out from sandpaper to give tactile feedback during letter recognition and tracing.summary, not a quotation
2 plate sightings
called: “Cards on which are pasted sandpaper letters”, “Groups of Sandpaper Letters”, “Sandpaper Letters”, “Single Sandpaper Letter”, “the sandpaper letters”, “the sandpaper letters of the alphabet”
Number Rodsresolved name
mathematics
Ten wooden rods of gradated length divided into alternating red and blue sections, used for learning quantity and numerical sequence.summary, not a quotation
one of the first exercises
called: “Eods: (&)' colored alternately red and blue”, “the long rods”, “the long stair or number rods”, “the number rods”, “the rod 10”, “the rods arranged in gradation”, “the small rod 1”
Bellsresolved name
music
A set of metal bells mounted on wooden bases representing musical tones and semitones.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “A double series of musical bells”, “Musical Bells”, “the bells”, “the series of bells”
Broad Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten brown wooden prisms with square cross-sections varying in thickness from one to ten centimeters while remaining uniform in length.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Brown prisms”, “the brown prisms”, “the prisms”
Movable Alphabetresolved name
language
Loose cutout letters made from colored cardboard of varying sizes, used by children to compose words.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Box of Movable Letters”, “The alphabet of movable letters”, “Two alphabets of colored cardboard and of different sizes”, “the movable alphabet”
Metal Insetsresolved name
language
Metal frames and matching inset geometric shapes used with colored pencils to prepare the hand for writing.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Geometrical Insets”, “Set of Metal Insets”, “the geometrical insets”, “the metal insets”, “various iron insets”
Color Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Small flat wooden tablets wound with colored silk thread used for matching and grading chromatic shades.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Two boxes, each containing sixty-four colored tablets”, “the colored tablets”, “the coloured tablets”, “the set of tablets covered with bright silk of shaded colors”
Geometry Cardsresolved name
sensorial
A set of cards featuring plane geometric shapes in solid forms and outlines, used alongside geometric insets to transition from tactile to visual abstraction.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Geometrical Forms”, “Series of Cards with Geometrical Forms”, “Three series of cards on which are pasted geometrical forms in paper”
Baric Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Sets of identical-sized wooden tablets made from different woods to provide varied weights for developing the baric sense.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Small wooden tablets of different weights”, “Wood Tablets Differing in Weight”, “little rectangular tablets”
Rough and Smooth Boardresolved name
sensorial
A rectangular wooden board divided into two sections, one polished smooth and the other covered with sandpaper for tactile discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Board with Rough and Smooth Surfaces”, “the board with the two contrasting surfaces”, “the rough and smooth surfaces”
Sound Boxesresolved name
sensorial
Cylindrical wooden boxes containing various substances that produce distinct sounds when shaken.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Sound Boxes”, “the Sound Boxes”, “the sound-boxes”
Geometric Solidsresolved name
sensorial
A set of pale blue wooden three-dimensional geometric shapes, including a sphere, prism, pyramid, cone, and cylinder, used to develop tactile and visual recognition of form.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Various geometric solids (prism, pyramid, sphere, cylinder, cone, etc.)”, “geometrical solids”, “the three sorts of geometrical solids”
Long Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden rods varying in length from ten centimeters to one meter, all painted green to isolate the dimension of length.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Eods: (a) colored green”, “The Long Stair”, “the long stair”
Color Spoolsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden spools wound with colored threads arranged in pairs and gradations of color.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Color Spools”, “the color spools”
Plane Geometrical Insets: Set of Six Circlesresolved name
sensorial
A wooden tray containing six circular plane geometric insets of varying sizes.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Plane Geometrical Insets: Set of Six Rectanglesresolved name
sensorial
A wooden tray containing six rectangular plane geometric insets of varying dimensions.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Plane Geometrical Insets: Set of Six Trianglesresolved name
sensorial
A wooden tray containing six triangular plane geometric insets of various types.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Red Rodsresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden rods with identical cross-sections that vary in length from ten centimeters to one meter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Sandpaper Numeralsresolved name
mathematics
Cards featuring numerical digits cut out from sandpaper, used to teach children figure shapes through tactile tracing.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “A series of cards on which are pasted sandpaper figures (1, 2, 3, etc.)”, “the figures from one to nine, cut out in sandpaper”
Number Cardsresolved name
mathematics
Large cards printed with smooth paper numerals used for building larger numbers and teaching place value.summary, not a quotation
one of the first exercises
called: “A series of large cards bearing the same figures in smooth paper for the enumeration of numbers above ten”, “the number cards”
Cylinders Decreasing in Diameter Onlyresolved name
sensorial
A wooden block holding ten cylinders of uniform height but progressively decreasing diameter.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Cylinders Decreasing in Diameter Only”, “Cylinders decreasing in Diameter only”
Cylinders Decreasing in Diameter and Heightresolved name
sensorial
A wooden block holding ten cylinders that progressively decrease in both height and diameter.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Cylinders Decreasing in Diameter and Height”, “Cylinders decreasing in Diameter and Height”
Cylinders Decreasing in Height Onlyresolved name
sensorial
A wooden block holding ten cylinders of uniform diameter but progressively decreasing height.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Cylinders Decreasing in Height Only”, “Cylinders decreasing in Height only”
Tray for Geometrical Insetsresolved name
sensorial
A wooden frame divided into six square compartments designed to hold plane geometric insets.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Geometric Insets: Tray of Polygonsresolved name
sensorial
A set of six wooden frames holding dark polygon insets, each with a small central knob handle.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Geometric Insets: Tray of Irregular Figuresresolved name
sensorial
A set of six wooden frames holding dark irregular geometric figure insets, each with a small central knob handle.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Geometric Insets: Tray of Blanks and Irregular Figuresresolved name
sensorial
A wooden tray containing six square frames with four solid blank wooden inserts and two irregular figure insets.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Dumb Keyboardresolved name
music
A silent keyboard with black and white keys used alongside pitch-emitting instruments.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Counting Boxesresolved name
mathematics
Wooden compartmented boxes containing sets of numbered rods for counting exercises.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Arithmetic Frameresolved name
mathematics
A wooden frame containing cells with printed number cards for arithmetic operations.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Spindle Boxresolved name
mathematics
A wooden box divided into numbered compartments into which a child places the matching quantity of wooden pegs or spindles.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “pegs”, “the box”
Geometric Cabinetresolved name
sensorial
A cabinet with drawers holding flat wooden geometric shape insets fitted within matching wooden frames.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the geometric insets”, “the geometrical figures”
Sound Cylindersresolved name
sensorial
A set of closed cylinders containing different substances that yield distinct auditory sounds when shaken.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “A collection of cylindrical closed boxes (sounds)”, “cardboard cylinders”
Dressing Framesresolved name
practical-life
Wooden frames equipped with attached pieces of fabric or leather that can be buttoned, laced, hooked, or tied.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “The frames for lacing, buttoning, etc.”, “frames to which are attached pieces of stuff, leather, etc.”
Rough and Smooth Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Rectangular wooden tablets covered partially with smooth wood and partially with rough sandpaper to refine tactile perception.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Buttoning Frameresolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame holding two flaps of cloth that fasten together in the center with buttons and buttonholes.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Touch Board with Graduated Stripsresolved name
sensorial
A wooden board mounted with paper strips that vary incrementally in texture from smooth to rough.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Graduated Sandpaper Cardsresolved name
sensorial
A series of individual cards surfaced with varying grades of sandpaper for refining tactile discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cylinder Blocksresolved name
sensorial
Wooden blocks with recessed holes and corresponding cylindrical insets that systematically vary in height and diameter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Geometry Cabinetresolved name
sensorial
A wooden cabinet with shallow drawers designed to hold framed geometric insets.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Montessori Paedometerresolved name
movement
A tall wooden measuring apparatus with horizontal bars and an attached seat for anthropometric measurement.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Sloping Boardsresolved name
movement
Inclined wooden boards used for gymnastic balance and motor development exercises.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Plane Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden frames holding geometric shapes with central knobs for visual and tactile form perception.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Musical Note Discsresolved name
music
Small white discs marked with note names that fit into designated holes on musical boards to teach notation.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Sensorial Rodsresolved name
sensorial
Ten wooden rods painted green that vary continuously in length from 10 centimeters to 1 meter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Miniature Keyboardresolved name
music
A simplified two-octave keyboard instrument with visible internal mechanisms designed for practical note applications.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cards and Countersresolved name
mathematics
Loose printed numeral cards and small counting objects laid out to correlate figures with discrete quantities.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Seguin Boardsresolved name
mathematics
Wooden frames holding printed decade numbers into which single-digit cards are slid to compose teen and ten numbers.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Fabric Boxresolved name
sensorial
A box containing matching pairs of various fabric swatches used to refine tactile perception through touch and pairing.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Touch Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Pairs of wooden tablets fitted with varying grades of sandpaper for tactile texture discrimination and grading.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Geometric Cardsresolved name
sensorial
Sets of square white cards depicting geometric figures in solid shape, thick outline, and thin outline corresponding to the plane geometric insets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Froebel Blocksresolved name
sensorial
Small wooden cubes and rectangular blocks used for tactile and stereognostic shape recognition with blindfolds.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Resonant Metal Tubesresolved name
music
Tuned metal tubes suspended or mounted to produce distinct musical pitches when struck for auditory training.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Fabricsresolved name
sensorial
A collection of fabric swatches of differing textures used for tactile discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
The Fenceresolved name
movement
A wooden apparatus from which children hang by their arms to support upper-body motor development.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Music Staff Boardsresolved name
music
Wooden boards painted with musical staff lines used for learning notation.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Music Discsresolved name
music
Small circular wooden tokens placed onto staff boards to represent musical notes.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Counting Sticksresolved name
mathematics
Boxes containing small wooden sticks used for early counting and arithmetic exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Design Booksresolved name
art
Bound collections of outline drawings for children to fill in using colored pencils after tracing metal insets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Colored Pencilsresolved name
art
Pencils of diverse colors used by children for shading and filling in traced geometric designs.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Brown Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten brown wooden prisms of constant length whose cross-sectional thickness diminishes systematically.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Long Rodsresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden rods of constant square cross-section varying in length from ten centimeters to one meter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dorothy Canfield Fisher, The Montessori Manual (1913)
secondary-interpreter · numbered exercise manual, apparatus plate per exercise · probed across leaves 55–132 (Use of the Apparatus, printed pp. 30–102) · catalogue blocked at 0.84, adjudicated by google/gemini-3.6-flash
● readiness age · ■ control of error · □ seen in a plate. Dashed = one arm only.
Asserted orderings
“After the child has had a day or so of practice with the Geometric Insets and Buttoning Frames, allowing him to take them up and lay them down at will, it is time to bring out the blocks composing the Tower.”
“When this has been accomplished the child is furnished with a box of colored crayons, and invited to fill in the " picture" he has made with strokes of his crayon.”
“After the Tower and the Stair comes the third set of blocks, or rods, called the Long Stair.”
“After the Tower, the next exer- cise is the Broad Stair.”
gemini-3.6-flash read the same pages and asserted nothing (leaf 68, leaf 69, leaf 70, leaf 100). Recorded, not resolved.
“After the final mastery of the geometric insets, the child is given a series of cards, representing the same forms as those of his insets.”
“After the child has had a day or so of practice with the Geometric Insets and Buttoning Frames, allowing him to take them up and lay them down at will, it is time to bring out the blocks composing the Tower.”
“When this simpler of the sandpaper boards has been mastered, the child may go to the next form, in which the sandpaper is arranged in alternate strips on the smoothly planed board.”
“When this simpler of the sandpaper boards has been mastered, the child may go to the next form, in which the sandpaper is arranged in alternate strips on the smoothly planed board.”
gemini-3.6-flash read the same pages and asserted nothing (leaf 75, leaf 76). Recorded, not resolved.
“After the Tower and the Stair comes the third set of blocks, or rods, called the Long Stair.”
Materials with a quote-verified attribute (3 of 37)
Pink Towerresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden cubes varying incrementally in three dimensions, used for visual discrimination of size.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated · 1 plate sighting · EXERCISE FOUR, EXERCISE SIX, Exercise Four
called: “The Tower”, “blocks of graduated size”, “the Tower”
“They begin it with the next biggest, and, when they have finished, find that they cannot place the largest one without tearing down the whole structure.”
Solid Geometrical Insetsresolved name
sensorial
A set of wooden blocks containing knobbed wooden cylinders of varying dimensions that fit into matching cylindrical sockets.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated · 1 plate sighting · EXERCISE ONE, Exercise One
called: “Solid Geometrical Insets”, “the Solid Geometric Series”
“If he gets a small cylinder in the big hole, when he comes to the small hole, the big cylinder will not go in it, and he is forced to look back to correct his own mistake.”
Lace and Ribbon Framesresolved name
practical-life
Fabric dressing frames equipped with laces and ribbons for practicing practical tying skills.summary, not a quotation
1 readiness age
“perhaps four or five”
The rest of the catalogue — 34 materials the book names without stating an age or a control of error
The Movable Alphabetresolved name
language
A set of loose cut-out letters used by children to compose words prior to writing.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE TWENTY-ONE, EXERCISE TWENTY-TWO, Exercise Nineteen
called: “Movable Alphabet”, “Movable alphabet”, “The Montessori Movable Alphabet”, “the Montessori Movable Alphabet”, “the Movable Alphabet”, “the movable alphabet”
Plane Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
A set of thirty-six flat geometric shapes fitted into individual square frames, organized across six trays stored inside a cabinet.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE ELEVEN, Exercise Thirteen, Exercises Eleven and Twelve
called: “Plain Geometrical Forms”, “Plain Geometrical Insets”, “Plane Geometeic Insets”, “Plane Geometric Insets”, “Plane geometric insets”, “the Geometric Insets”, “the Plane Geometric Insets”, “the geometric insets”, “wooden geometric insets”
Dressing Framesresolved name
practical-life
A set of wooden frames fitted with cloth flaps that feature various fasteners to teach children how to dress themselves and develop fine motor coordination.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE TWO
called: “Buttoning Frames”, “Buttoning frames”, “The Buttoning or Dressing Frames”, “The Dressing Frames”, “the Buttoning Frames”, “the buttoning frames”, “the dressing frames”
Long Stairresolved name
mathematics
A series of ten wooden rods divided into alternating colored sections that increase incrementally in length, used to introduce quantity and simple arithmetic.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE SIX, EXERCISE TWENTY-FIVE, Exercise Six
called: “Long Stair”, “The Long Stair”, “the Long Stair”
Sandpaper Lettersresolved name
language
Smooth wooden cards mounted with sandpaper cut-outs of letters for tactile tracing.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE NINETEEN, EXERCISE TWENTY-ONE, EXERCISE TWENTY-TWO
called: “Sandpaper Letters”, “sandpaper letters”, “the Sandpaper Letters”, “the sandpaper letters”
Spindle Boxresolved name
mathematics
Two wooden boxes divided into five compartments each (marked 0 to 9) paired with fifty uniform wooden sticks used for counting and associating quantities with numerals.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE TWENTY-THREE
called: “Counting Boxes”, “counting boxes”, “counting sticks”, “the counting boxes”, “the counting sticks”
The Broad Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten rectangular wooden prisms of equal length that decrease incrementally in height and width.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE FIVE, Exercise Five
called: “Broad Stair”, “The Broad Stair”, “the Broad Stair”
Movable Alphabetresolved name
language
A set of flat, cut-out letter-shaped pieces used by children to compose words before writing.summary, not a quotation
3 plate sightings · EXERCISE TWENTY, Exercise Nineteen
called: “Part of Movable Alphabet”, “Parts of Movable Alphabet”, “Parts of the Movable Alphabet”, “the Regular Movable Alphabet”
Sandpaper Numbersresolved name
mathematics
A set of white cards featuring the numerals 0 through 9 cut from rough sandpaper for tactile tracing.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE TWENTY-FOUR, EXERCISE TWENTY-THREE
called: “Sandpaper Numbers”, “Sandpaper numbers”, “sandpaper numbers”, “the sandpaper numbers”
Sandpaper Board No. 1resolved name
sensorial
A wooden board divided into smooth and sandpaper-covered sections to introduce the basic tactile contrast between rough and smooth.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE SEVEN, Exercise Seven
called: “Sandpaper Board Number One”, “Sandpaper Board, No. 1”, “sandpaper”, “the rough sandpaper”
Metal Insetsresolved name
language
Metal geometric frames and matching inset shapes resting on sloped trays, designed to guide pencil control for early writing.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE FIFTEEN, EXERCISE FOURTEEN
called: “Metal Insets”, “Plane Geometrical Insets Made in Metal”, “the Metal Insets”, “the metal inset”
Color Boxesresolved name
sensorial
A wooden cabinet containing multiple small boxes and shelves used to organize color materials.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE SIXTEEN, Exercise Sixteen and Seventeen, Exercises Sixteen and Seventeen
called: “Color Boxes”, “the color boxes”
Color Spoolsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden spools wound with colored silk thread arranged in gradients for matching and discrimination.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE SEVENTEEN
called: “Color Spools”, “color spools”
Solid Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden blocks containing cylindrical sockets with matching solid cylinders of varying dimensions.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Solid geometric insets”, “the solid geometric insets”
Cylinder Blocksresolved name
sensorial
Wooden blocks containing fitted cylinders with small knobs, varying systematically in height and diameter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “These sets of cylinders”, “all the cylinders”, “the cylinders”
Sound Boxesresolved name
sensorial
Identical wooden cylinders filled with differing substances that produce distinct sounds when shaken.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · EXERCISE TEN, Exercise Ten
Computing Boxesresolved name
mathematics
Wooden trays holding numbered cards used for learning numerals and early arithmetic.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · Exercises Twenty-three and Twenty-four
Buttoning and Lacing Framesresolved name
practical-life
Wooden frames mounted with fabric sections featuring buttons, buttonholes, eyelets, and laces.summary, not a quotation
2 plate sightings · Exercise Two
Sandpaper Boardsresolved name
sensorial
Rectangular wooden boards featuring contrasting smooth and sandpaper surfaces for tactile training.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · Exercise Seven and Eight, Exercises Seven and Eight
called: “Sandpaper Boards”, “sandpaper boards”
Sandpaper Board No. 2resolved name
sensorial
A wooden board featuring alternating strips of smooth surface and sandpaper in varying grades of roughness to refine tactile discrimination.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE EIGHT, Exercise Eight
called: “Sandpaper Board Number Two”, “Sandpaper Board, No. 2”
Color Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Small wooden spools or tablets wound with colored silk thread used to develop discrimination of colors and shades.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the blue”, “the color”
Plane Geometric Cardsresolved name
sensorial
Cards or charts printed with black silhouettes of geometric shapes used for matching exercises.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting · Exercise Thirtee, Exercise Thirteen
Cylindrical Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Solid wooden blocks fitted with cylindrical sockets and matching knobbed wooden cylinders.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Cylindrical Insets”, “the Cylindrical Insets”
Buttoning Frameresolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame fitted with two flaps of cloth to be fastened together using buttons and buttonholes.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Frame with Hooks and Eyesresolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame fitted with two flaps of cloth to be fastened together using hooks and eyes.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Sandpaper Alphabetresolved name
language
A set of individual wooden tablets with letters cut from sandpaper mounted on them for tactile tracing and sound association.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Fabrics Boxresolved name
sensorial
A set of drawers or a box containing pairs of fabric swatches of distinct textures for tactile matching.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE NINE
Geometric Solidsresolved name
sensorial
A collection of three-dimensional wooden geometric bodies, including spheres, cubes, and prisms, used for stereognostic exploration.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cubes of Equal Sizeresolved name
sensorial
A set of wooden cubes of identical dimensions used in introductory building and tactile exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Colored Crayonsresolved name
art
A boxed set of colored pencils or crayons used to fill in the geometric outlines traced with the metal insets.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE FIFTEEN
Geometric Cardsresolved name
sensorial
Three sets of cards depicting plane geometric figures in solid, thick outline, and thin outline forms to bridge concrete shapes to abstract lines.summary, not a quotation
EXERCISE THIRTEEN
Baby Ballresolved name
movement
A soft ball suspended on a long string used to encourage motor coordination and visual tracking in young children.summary, not a quotation
Exercise Four
Simple Spelling Boardresolved name
language
A wooden board or frame designed to guide children in arranging letters to compose words and practice reading.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Moneyresolved name
mathematics
Coins used to teach numerical value, equivalence, and practical transaction skills.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Ellen Yale Stevens, A Guide to the Montessori Method (1913)
secondary-interpreter · continuous argument, four photographic plates, nothing numbered · probed across leaves 96–157 (Chapters VI–VIII, printed pp. 72–133) · catalogue blocked at 0.84, adjudicated by google/gemini-3.6-flash
● readiness age · ■ control of error · □ seen in a plate. Dashed = one arm only.
Asserted orderings
“The transition from training the tactile sense by means of these fabrics to educating the chromatic or colour sense is made with the two boxes of coloured silks wound on little reels, which attract all the children greatly.”
“During this period his tactile sense has also been developed by the use first of the rough and smooth boards, then of the sandpaper letters, while by passing his fingers lightly over and over these letters his muscular memory has been trained.”
Materials with a quote-verified attribute (4 of 54)
Pink Towerresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten pink wooden cubes varying incrementally in three dimensions.summary, not a quotation
1 readiness age · control of error stated
called: “Tower”, “the Tower”, “the pink cubes which form the tower”, “the pink tower”, “the tower”
“In Italy children two years old are often seen in the Casa dei Bambini using the tower, prisms, and the frames.”
“But in these games the eye easily recognises a mistake, and the teacher assists the child to detect errors by showing him how to pass his hand lightly up and down the steps of the Tower and Big Stair, or along the sides of the Long Stair.”
Long Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden rods varying incrementally in length from ten centimeters to one meter.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated
called: “Long Stair”, “The Long Stair”, “the Long Stair”
“But in these games the eye easily recognises a mistake, and the teacher assists the child to detect errors by showing him how to pass his hand lightly up and down the steps of the Tower and Big Stair, or along the sides of the Long Stair.”
Plane Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden geometric shapes that fit into corresponding wooden square frames.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated
called: “geometric insets”, “the geometric insets”
“Here, again, the material controls the error, as only the right piece will fit into the right square.”
Broad Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden prisms varying incrementally in height and width.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated
called: “Big Stair”, “The Broad Stair”, “the Big Stair”, “the stair”
“But in these games the eye easily recognises a mistake, and the teacher assists the child to detect errors by showing him how to pass his hand lightly up and down the steps of the Tower and Big Stair, or along the sides of the Long Stair.”
The rest of the catalogue — 50 materials the book names without stating an age or a control of error
Solid Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden blocks with cylindrical sockets and matching knobs and cylinders graded in height, diameter, or both.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “solid insets”, “the Solid Insets”, “the cylinders”, “the solid insets”
Sandpaper Lettersresolved name
language
A box containing cards with sandpaper letters mounted on them for tactile tracing.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Box with sandpaper alphabet”, “sandpaper”, “sandpaper letters”, “the sandpaper letters”
Movable Script Alphabetresolved name
language
Boxes containing loose, cut-out script letters used by children to compose words.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Two boxes with script alphabets”, “script alphabets”, “the box of script letters”, “the script alphabet”
Metal Insetsresolved name
language
A set of metal geometric shapes fitted into wooden frames, used with colored pencils to develop pencil control and lightness of touch for writing.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the metal inset”, “the metal insets”, “the metal squares with insets of varying geometric forms”
Colour Boxesresolved name
sensorial
Wooden boxes containing spools or reels wound with silk thread of various colors and shades, used for developing chromatic discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Two Colour Boxes”, “boxes of colour”, “reels of coloured silks”, “the boxes of reels wound with silk of many colours and shades”, “two boxes of coloured silks”
Dressing Framesresolved name
practical-life
A set of wooden frames fitted with pieces of cloth that fasten together using buttons, laces, hooks, and ribbons to teach self-dressing skills.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “one of the frames of red flannel with its row of white buttons”, “the buttoning and lacing frames”, “the eight frames for buttoning, lacing, hooking, tying of bow-knots, and so on”, “the frames for lacing, buttoning, hooking, and so on”
Baric Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Sets of wooden tablets equal in size but differing in weight and wood type, used to train the baric sense.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Three sets of wooden tablets for Baric sense training”, “sets of wooden tablets”, “the wooden tablets”, “woods of various weights”
Boxes of Fabricsresolved name
sensorial
Boxes containing pairs of fabric swatches of various textures used for tactile matching and discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “boxes of fabrics”, “the boxes of fabrics”, “the fabrics”
Sound Boxesresolved name
sensorial
A set of small wooden boxes or cylinders filled with different substances that produce graded sounds when shaken.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Six Sound boxes”, “boxes containing sand, gravel, pebbles and stones”, “sound boxes”
Geometric Cabinetresolved name
sensorial
A wooden cabinet containing six drawers with flat geometric shapes made of wood fitted into individual frames.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Cabinet for wooden geometric insets with 36 insets in six drawers”, “the thirty-two geometric insets of wood”
Sandpaper Figuresresolved name
mathematics
Cards with numerals cut out of sandpaper, used for tracing to connect tactile motor memory with mathematical symbols.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden geometric shapes with small central knobs that fit into matching square frames.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the box of geometric insets”, “the simpler geometric insets”
Cylinder Block 1resolved name
sensorial
A wooden block containing ten recessed cylinders of equal height that progressively vary in diameter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cylinder Block 2resolved name
sensorial
A wooden block containing ten recessed cylinders of equal diameter that progressively vary in height.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cylinder Block 3resolved name
sensorial
A wooden block containing ten recessed cylinders that progressively decrease in both height and diameter together.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Solid Geometric Form Cardsresolved name
sensorial
A set of thirty-six cards displaying plane geometric shapes filled in solid blue color.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Thick Line Geometric Form Cardsresolved name
sensorial
A set of thirty-six cards displaying plane geometric shapes outlined with a heavy blue line.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Thin Line Geometric Form Cardsresolved name
sensorial
A set of thirty-six cards displaying plane geometric shapes outlined with a thin black line.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Touch Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden tablets or squares layered with smooth wood and varying grades of sandpaper used for tactile matching and grading.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Rough and Smooth Boardresolved name
sensorial
A tactile board featuring alternating strips of smooth wood and rough sandpaper for developing touch sensitivity.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Clayresolved name
art
A malleable natural substance used by children for modeling and three-dimensional artistic expression.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Sandpaper Numbersresolved name
mathematics
A box containing cards with sandpaper numerals mounted on them for tactile tracing.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Lacing Frame (Cloth)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden dressing frame with two cloth flaps joined by lacing a cord through eyelets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Lacing Frame (Leather)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden dressing frame with two leather flaps joined by lacing a cord through eyelets or hooks.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Rough and Smooth Boardsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden boards covered with contrasting sections of smooth paper and sandpaper used to introduce basic tactile discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Rough and Smooth Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
A set of small wooden tablets mounted with sandpapers of varying grits used for tactile matching and grading.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Color Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
A wooden box containing sets of colored tablets used for visual color discrimination and sorting.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Plane Geometrical Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden geometric shapes seated inside matching wooden frames.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Movable Alphabetresolved name
language
A set of loose cut-out letters used for composing words and sentences.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Colour Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Spools or tablets wound with threads of varied colors and shades for chromatic discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Thermic Sand Bagsresolved name
sensorial
Small bags filled with sand heated to different temperatures for refining the thermic sense.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Sandpaper Touch Boardsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden boards fitted with alternating smooth surfaces and strips of sandpaper for tactile discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Froebel Cubes and Bricksresolved name
sensorial
Small wooden blocks used to exercise and develop the stereognostic sense through touch.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Tactile Fabric Boxesresolved name
sensorial
Boxes containing swatches of different textured fabrics for tactile matching and discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Metal Inset Boxresolved name
language
A wooden box housing metal geometric insets used in exercises preparing the hand for writing.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Metal Inset Frameresolved name
language
An adjustable wooden frame designed to securely hold metal insets while tracing shape outlines.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Spindle Boxesresolved name
mathematics
Compartmentalized wooden boxes accompanied by loose sticks for counting quantities and understanding zero.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Number Case with Cardsresolved name
mathematics
A wooden cabinet featuring sliding shelves to organize numeral cards used in counting exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Montessori Bellsresolved name
music
A set of metal bells tuned to the musical scale used for pitch discrimination and musical exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Tasting Solutionsresolved name
sensorial
Liquid solutions representing basic gustatory tastes used for sense-of-taste training.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Olfactory Materialresolved name
sensorial
Fragrant floral substances used to train and refine the sense of smell.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Frame (Large Buttons)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame mounted with flannel fabric panels that fasten together using large buttons.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Frame (Tapes)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame mounted with heavy drill fabric sections that join together with cloth tapes.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Frame (Leather Buttons)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame holding leather flaps that fasten together with small buttons.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Frame (Hooks and Eyes)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame with fabric panels attached that fasten with metal hooks and eyes.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Frame (Snaps)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame holding cloth panels that join using press-stud snap fasteners.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Frame (Bow Tying)resolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame mounted with fabric flaps fitted with ribbons for practicing tying bow knots.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Colored Pencilsresolved name
language
Pencils of various colors used by the child to trace and shade in figures created with the metal insets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Spindle Boxresolved name
mathematics
A wooden box divided into ten compartments marked 0 through 9 into which matching quantities of wooden spindles are placed.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Reading Slipsresolved name
language
Paper strips containing written text used by the child for early reading exercises and sentence building.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Maria Montessori, The Advanced Montessori Method (Spontaneous Activity in Education) (1917)
primary · continuous argument — psychology and pedagogy, no apparatus plates · probed across leaves 91–126 (the chapters around the material; no printed folio in the scan derivative — locators are scan-index only) · catalogue blocked at 0.84, adjudicated by google/gemini-3.7-flash
● readiness age · ■ control of error · □ seen in a plate. Dashed = one arm only.
Asserted orderings
Materials with a quote-verified attribute (0 of 13)
The rest of the catalogue — 13 materials the book names without stating an age or a control of error
Cylinder Blocksresolved name
sensorial
Four wooden blocks, each containing ten knobbed cylinders varying systematically in height, diameter, or both.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “solid insets”, “the cylinders”, “the graduated cylinders”, “the solid insets”
Metal Insetsresolved name
language
A set of square metal frames with matching geometric shape insets and knobs, used with colored pencils for tracing outlines and filling designs to develop pencil control.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the insets”, “the metal insets”
Color Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Sets of small rectangular wooden tablets wound with colored silk or painted to teach chromatic discrimination and grading.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “colored tablets”, “the four color-tablets”, “the two tablets of red and blue colors”
Geometric Cabinetresolved name
sensorial
A wooden cabinet of drawers holding square wooden frames with removable planar geometric insets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the geometrical insets”, “the plane geometric insets”
Pink Towerresolved name
sensorial
A series of ten solid pink wooden cubes graduated in three dimensions from 1 cubic centimeter to 1000 cubic centimeters.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the pink cubes”, “the tower”
Plane Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
A series of wooden frames holding flat geometric shape insets with knobs, used to visually and tactilely discriminate two-dimensional figures.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Arithmetical Frameresolved name
mathematics
A wooden counting frame with horizontal wires and colored beads representing decimal hierarchical categories, used to perform arithmetic operations.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Lacing Frameresolved name
practical-life
A wooden frame holding two flaps of fabric with eyelets through which a cord is threaded and laced.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Sandpaper Lettersresolved name
language
Individual wooden boards mounted with sandpaper cut-outs of alphabet letters for tactile tracing and sound association.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressing Framesresolved name
practical-life
Wooden frames mounted with two pieces of fabric featuring clothing fasteners such as buttons and laces.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Number Rodsresolved name
mathematics
Ten wooden rods varying from 10 cm to 1 meter in length, divided into alternating red and blue decimeter sections for counting and arithmetic.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Long Rodsresolved name
sensorial
A series of ten solid wooden rods of constant square cross-section that vary continuously in length from 10 cm to 1 meter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Movable Alphabetresolved name
language
A compartmentalized wooden box containing loose cut-out letters used to compose words phonetically.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Maria Montessori, The Montessori Elementary Material (1917)
primary · material-by-material catalogue of the 6-9 apparatus · probed across leaves 234–333 (Arithmetic and Geometry; no printed folio in the scan derivative — locators are scan-index only) · catalogue blocked at 0.84, adjudicated by google/gemini-3.7-flash
● readiness age · ■ control of error · □ seen in a plate. Dashed = one arm only.
Asserted orderings
Materials with a quote-verified attribute (2 of 121)
Monochordresolved name
music
A single-stringed resonant acoustic instrument with movable frets used to study pitch, interval ratios, and string length.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated · 1 plate sighting
called: “The monocord”, “monocord”, “movable frets”, “the monocord”, “the movable frets”, “their monochords”
“These frets should be left in position by the child to serve as a check on his work.”
Cylinder Blocksresolved name
sensorial
Wooden blocks containing knobbed cylindrical insets that vary systematically in height, diameter, or both.summary, not a quotation
control of error stated
“When we put a cylinder where it doesn’t belong, we find that at the end of the game we have one cylinder left over and it won’t fit in anywhere.”
The rest of the catalogue — 119 materials the book names without stating an age or a control of error
Grammar Boxesresolved name
language
A graded series of compartmentalized wooden boxes with color-coded sections corresponding to the parts of speech, used with printed word and sentence cards for grammatical analysis.summary, not a quotation
4 plate sightings
called: “Grammar Boxes”, “Grammar box”, “grammar boxes”, “grammar boxes and their cards”, “the box”, “the grammar box”, “the grammar boxes”, “the grammar boxes and their cards”
Bead Frameresolved name
mathematics
A wooden frame holding horizontal wires strung with beads that represent successive decimal hierarchy values.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the bead counting-frames”, “the bead frames”, “the bead material for addition and subtraction”, “the counting-frame”, “the symbolic number frame”
Music Staff Boardsresolved name
music
Wooden boards and ruled sheets used with movable note disks to teach musical notation, staff reading, and composition.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “The music bars”, “music bars”, “the music bars”
Fraction Insetsresolved name
mathematics
A collection of circular metal or plastic inserts divided into fractional sectors and fitted into individual square frames.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Second Series of Insets : Fractions”, “a circle”, “a special material for the concept of fractions”, “the circle”, “the circular insets”, “the divided figures and fraction insets”
Bead Cubesresolved name
mathematics
A set of wire-threaded glass bead cubes representing the numbers 1 through 10 cubed, graded in size and corresponding to the Montessori bead color hierarchy.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “The bead number cubes built into a tower”, “bead number cubes”, “the bead cubes”, “the bead number cubes”, “the cube of four”, “the cube of the number”
Advanced Geometrical Insetsresolved name
mathematics
Metal frames containing divided plane geometric figures used for studying geometric composition, decomposition, and equivalence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “geometric insets”, “the geometric insets”
Constructive Trianglesresolved name
sensorial
Sets of colored geometric triangles with black guide lines used to compose and discover equivalent plane figures.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Metal Insetsresolved name
language
A set of square metal frames holding geometric shape cut-outs with center knobs, used for pencil control, design, and geometric study.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “The triangular insets fitted into their metal plates”, “a series of iron insets”, “the geometric insets and their metal plates”, “the insets used for drawing”, “the metal insets”
Colored Bead Materialresolved name
mathematics
Sets of loose and barred colored glass beads organized by value from 1 to 10 used for teaching arithmetic operations.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “bead material”, “beads”, “the bead material”, “the beads”
Geometric Cabinetresolved name
sensorial
A wooden cabinet containing drawers of blue geometric insets fitted into matching square frames.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the acute-angled triangle”, “the blue tablets”, “the equilateral triangle”, “the isoceles triangle”, “the obtuse-angled triangle”, “the plane inset”, “the right-angled triangle”, “the scalene triangle”
Hollow Geometric Solids for Volumeresolved name
mathematics
A set of hollow, fillable geometric solids—including prisms and pyramids sharing identical base dimensions—used to discover volume formulas through filling and pouring.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “a prism”, “a prism with the same base but with only one-third the altitude”, “a pyramid”, “the large prism”, “the prism”, “the pyramid”, “the small prism”
Pink Towerresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten pink wooden cubes graduated in three dimensions from one centimeter to ten centimeters cubed.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the cubes of the pink tower”, “the cubes of the pink tower or any other objects adapted to these adjectives”, “the pink tower”, “the tower”
Hollow Geometric Solidsresolved name
mathematics
A set of hollow three-dimensional geometric figures with open bases used to explore volume equivalence by filling.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “Hollow geometric solids”, “hollow geometric solids”, “the hollow geometric solids”
Small Bead Frameresolved name
mathematics
A wooden frame holding horizontal wires strung with ten beads each in hierarchical colors to represent decimal place values for performing arithmetic operations.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “The bead frame”, “The first bead frame”, “the connting-frame”, “the counting-frames”, “the first bead frame”, “the frame”
Bellsresolved name
music
A set of tuned metal bells on wooden stands representing the diatonic and chromatic notes of an octave.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Arithmetic Board for Multiplication and Divisionresolved name
mathematics
A large gridded wooden board used with bead bars and numeral cards to perform multi-digit long multiplication and division.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Bead Chainsresolved name
mathematics
Chains formed of interconnected colored bead bars corresponding to the squares and cubes of numbers 1 to 10 for linear counting and multiplication.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “chains of 10, of 100, and of 1000 beads”, “the bead chain”
Regular Polyhedronsresolved name
mathematics
A set of the five regular geometric solids (tetrahedron, hexahedron/cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and icosahedron) with differently colored faces used for the study of polyhedra in elementary geometry.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Dodecahedron”, “Hexahedron (cube)”, “Icosahedron”, “Octahedron”, “Tetrahedron”
Decagon Equivalence Insetresolved name
mathematics
A set of metal inset frames containing a regular decagon and an equivalent rectangle, each composed of ten identical isosceles triangle pieces to demonstrate the area of regular polygons.summary, not a quotation
2 plate sightings
called: “The decagon and the rectangle composed of the same triangular insets”, “the decagon insets”, “the triangular insets”, “triangular insets”
Multiplication Boardresolved name
mathematics
A square wooden board with 100 indentations arranged in a 10-by-10 grid and a slot for a numeral card, used with unit beads to perform multiplication and division.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “arithmetic boards”, “the arithmetic board with the hundred indentures”, “the material for the multiplication table”, “the multiplication board”, “the square arithmetic board”
Grammar Cards: Noun and Articleresolved name
language
Sets of printed slips containing nouns, articles, and classification headers used to study gender and number agreement.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Maschile Femminile”, “article and noun”, “cards (nouns and articles)”, “the four noun forms (masculine, feminine, singular and plural)”, “the title cards”
Bead Squares and Cubesresolved name
mathematics
Bead bars wired into flat squares and layered cubes representing the second and third powers of the numbers 1 through 10.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “square and cube”, “the square and cube”
Coloured Bead Squaresresolved name
mathematics
Rigid square plates formed by wiring together individual colored bead bars corresponding to the square of each number from 1 to 10.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “4X4: yellow beads”, “5X5 pale blue beads”, “6X6 gray beads”, “7X7 white beads”, “squares of 3 X 3 pink beads”
Geometric Figures for Decorative Designresolved name
art
A collection of proportional geometric insets and figures including graduated squares, circles, triangles, and stars used for geometric and artistic design.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “The large circle, 10 centimeters in diameter”, “a small circle”, “the smaller equilateral triangle”, “two others tangent to the squares”, “two stars”
Fabric Boxresolved name
sensorial
A set of paired fabric swatches of contrasting textures such as rough, smooth, soft, and hard, used for tactile discrimination and language exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the hard cloth”, “the rough cloth”, “the smooth cloth”, “the soft cloth”
Powers of numbers materialresolved name
mathematics
A set of wooden cubes and rectangular prisms of proportional volumes used to concretely demonstrate the successive powers of numbers and cube doubling.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “Two equal cubes of 2 cm. on a side”, “a prism double this preceding prism”, “a prism twice the size of the cubes”, “seven cubes 4 cm. on a side”
Broad Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten brown wooden prisms of uniform length with square cross-sections graded from 1 cm to 10 cm in thickness.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the blue stairs”, “the prisms of the broad stair”, “the thick brown prism”, “the thin brown prism”
Geometric Solidsresolved name
mathematics
A set of three-dimensional wooden solids with standardized base dimensions used for calculating volume.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the geometric solids”, “the quadrangular pyramid”, “the triangular pyramid”, “wooden solids”
Hundred Bead Chainresolved name
mathematics
A chain formed by connecting ten 10-bead bars end-to-end with metal links, comprising one hundred beads in total.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the hundred chain”, “the “hundred chain””
Thousand Bead Chainresolved name
mathematics
A long chain formed by linking ten 100-bead chain segments together, comprising one thousand beads in total.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the thousand chain”, “the “ thousand chain.””
Plane Geometrical Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden geometric figures fitted into square wooden frames with central knobs for manipulation.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the circular inset”, “the rectangular inset”, “the square inset”
Equivalence Insets: Rhomboid, Rectangle, and Squareresolved name
mathematics
A series of metal geometric insets and frames divided into component parts to demonstrate the relative area equivalence between a rhomboid, rectangles, and squares.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the rectangles”, “the rhomboid”, “the squares”
Brown Stairresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten brown wooden rectangular prisms of constant length with graduated square cross-sections.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the brown prisms”, “the prisms of the brown stair”
Geometric Solids: Cylinderresolved name
sensorial
A wooden three-dimensional geometric solid with two congruent parallel circular bases and a curved surface.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “a cylinder”, “the cylinder”
Plane Geometric Insetsresolved name
sensorial
Flat wooden frames containing inset geometric figures such as circles of graduated sizes.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
called: “geometry insets”, “the plane insets”, “the series of circles in the plane insets”
Number Rodsresolved name
mathematics
A series of ten wooden rods divided into alternating red and blue segments of increasing length from one decimeter to one meter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the long stair material”, “the rods”
Montessori Bellsresolved name
music
A set of tuned metal bells mounted on wooden stands producing the tones and semitones of the musical scale.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the bell material”, “the bells in gradation”, “the eight bells”
Quadrangular Pyramidresolved name
mathematics
A square-based wooden pyramid measuring 10 x 10 x 20 cm used to demonstrate that the volume of a pyramid is one-third that of a corresponding prism.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “A quadrangular pyramid (10 X 10 X 20 cm.)”, “The corresponding pyramid (10 X 20 cm.)”
Geometric Solids: Coneresolved name
sensorial
A wooden three-dimensional geometric solid with a circular base tapering to an apex.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Binomial Cuberesolved name
mathematics
A set of eight wooden blocks—two cubes and six rectangular prisms—that assemble into a 10 cm cube, representing the formula (a + b)³.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “A cube with a 6 cm. edge”, “The 10 cm. cube”
Blue Quadrangular Prismresolved name
mathematics
A blue-painted wooden four-sided prism used in elementary geometry and arithmetic exercises for calculating volume and demonstrating geometric equivalence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the blue quadrangular prism”, “the blue rectangular prism”
Large Bead Frameresolved name
mathematics
A wooden frame strung with seven horizontal wires holding color-coded beads that represent place values from units to one million.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “a larger counting-frame”, “another frame”
Logical Analysis Materialresolved name
language
Printed sentence rolls, command slips, and graphic charts used for analyzing sentence components and clauses.summary, not a quotation
I
called: “The charts for logical analysis”, “The material for logical analysis”
Bead Squaresresolved name
mathematics
Square arrangements of bead bars wired together representing the square of a given quantity.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “square”, “the square”
Advanced Geometric Insetsresolved name
mathematics
Metal frames on iron foundations containing geometric figures and accompanying albums for the study of geometry and area.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Movable Alphabetresolved name
language
A compartmentalized box containing multiple copies of loose cut-out cursive or printed letters for composing words.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “the movable alphabet”, “the movable letters”
Major Scale Interval Materialresolved name
music
A series of black and white rectangular wooden blocks arranged to visually represent the whole-tone and semi-tone intervals of a scale.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Music Staff Cardsresolved name
music
Oblong cardboard boards or cards printed with single or grand musical staffs for placing notes and clef signs.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
called: “musical staffs”, “the double staff”
Golden Bead Unitresolved name
mathematics
An individual loose bead representing the quantity of one in the Montessori decimal bead material.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Golden Bead Ten Barresolved name
mathematics
A rigid metal wire threaded with ten beads, representing the quantity of ten in the decimal bead material.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Dressmaker's Tape Measureresolved name
mathematics
A flexible ribbon measuring tape marked with metric units, used for measuring straight lines and curves.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Metal Tape Measureresolved name
mathematics
A flexible metal measuring tape marked with metric units for linear measurement.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Meterstickresolved name
mathematics
A rigid one-meter measuring rod marked with metric subdivisions, used for linear measurement.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Centimeter Rulerresolved name
mathematics
A twenty-centimeter rigid ruler marked with millimeter graduations for precise linear measurement.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Coloured Bead Barsresolved name
mathematics
Sets of distinctively coloured beads wired into rigid bars representing the numbers from one to ten.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Solid Insetsresolved name
sensorial
A wooden block containing cylindrical wooden inserts of varying dimensions fitted into matching sockets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Square Chainsresolved name
mathematics
A set of bead chains composed of linked bead bars representing the square of each number from 1 to 10, designed to be folded into bead squares.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cube Chainsresolved name
mathematics
A set of long bead chains composed of linked bead bars representing the cube of each number from 1 to 10, designed to be folded into squares and stacked into cubes.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Quadrangular Parallelepipedresolved name
mathematics
A square-based wooden prism measuring 10 x 10 x 20 cm used in elementary geometry to study the volume of prisms.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Black Pencilsresolved name
language
Graphite pencils used by the child for writing, drawing outlines, and recording academic exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Colored Pencilsresolved name
art
A set of wooden pencils with pigmented cores in various colors, used for design work, metal inset filling, and color-coded analysis.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Square Chain of 3resolved name
mathematics
A chain composed of three connected bars of three beads each, representing three squared.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Square Chain of 4resolved name
mathematics
A chain composed of four connected bars of four beads each, representing four squared.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Double Decimeter Rulerresolved name
mathematics
A twenty-centimeter measuring ruler used to take linear measurements and calculate dimensions.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
anthropometerresolved name
cultural
A vertical graduated measuring scale with a sliding crossbar used to record children's body height and proportions.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Musical Staff Boardresolved name
music
A green painted wooden board featuring raised staff lines and spaces designed for placing note markers to learn pitch notation.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Music Note Discsresolved name
music
Small circular discs inscribed with solfège note names that represent note heads for placement on the musical staff and bell bases.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Bead Cube of 10resolved name
mathematics
A three-dimensional cube constructed from wired layers of 100 beads each, representing the quantity of 1000 in the bead material.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Bead Squares of 10resolved name
mathematics
A set of flat square arrangements of ten 10-bead bars wired together, representing hundreds in the bead material.summary, not a quotation
1 plate sighting
Cylinder for Volume Calculationresolved name
mathematics
A geometric cylinder measuring 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm in height, used in elementary mathematics for calculating and demonstrating the volume of solids.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cone for Volume Calculationresolved name
mathematics
A geometric cone measuring 10 cm in base diameter and 20 cm in height, used in elementary mathematics to demonstrate volume relationships with corresponding cylinders.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Ovoidresolved name
sensorial
A three-dimensional wooden geometric solid shaped like an egg, narrower at one pole and broader at the other.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Ellipsoidresolved name
sensorial
A symmetrical three-dimensional wooden geometric solid formed by the revolution of an ellipse around its axis.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Quadrangular Parallelepiped for Volume Equivalenceresolved name
mathematics
A geometric solid in the form of a quadrangular parallelepiped used in the elementary geometry curriculum to demonstrate fractional parts and volume equivalence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Triangular Prism for Volume Equivalenceresolved name
mathematics
A geometric solid in the form of a triangular prism used in the elementary geometry curriculum to demonstrate fractional parts and volume equivalence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Square Inset Divided into Two Rectanglesresolved name
mathematics
A square metal inset frame containing a square divided into two equal rectangles, used for studying fractions and geometric equivalence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Square Inset Divided into Two Trianglesresolved name
mathematics
A square metal inset frame containing a square divided along its diagonal into two equal triangles, used for studying fractions and geometric equivalence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Color Tablets Box 3resolved name
sensorial
A box containing sets of colored tablets arranged in graded series of shades for each of several colors.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Touch Fabricsresolved name
sensorial
A collection of fabric swatches of various textures used for tactile discrimination and grammar exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Cards and Countersresolved name
mathematics
Loose round tokens used with number cards for counting and demonstrating odd and even quantities.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Colored Bead Stairresolved name
mathematics
Individual bars of beads from one to ten, each quantity represented by a distinct color.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Grammar Cardsresolved name
language
Color-coded cards printed with words and sentences used to teach parts of speech and sentence structure.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Multiplication Chart Aresolved name
mathematics
A printed control chart displaying the complete set of multiplication combinations in numerical sequence.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Multiplication Chart Bresolved name
mathematics
A printed chart displaying multiplication combinations arranged without duplicates for memorization.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Multiplication Chart Dresolved name
mathematics
A printed pythagorean grid chart used for working out or checking multiplication tables.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Word Study Chartsresolved name
language
Wall charts displaying classified word lists for grammatical and lexical study.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Grammar Box Cards: Article, Noun, Adjectiveresolved name
language
Color-coded word cards organized by part of speech for sentence construction and word analysis exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Color Tabletsresolved name
sensorial
Wooden or plastic tablets bordered with margins and displaying distinct colors and gradations for chromatic discrimination.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Verb Symbolresolved name
language
A solid red circular disc representing the verb and symbolizing action and energy.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Verb Command Cardsresolved name
language
Bundles of red cards printed with action commands and verbs for children to read and perform.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Division of a Triangle Insetsresolved name
mathematics
Four metal frames containing equilateral triangles divided into halves, thirds, and fourths to demonstrate equivalence and geometric division.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Theorem of Pythagoras Materialresolved name
mathematics
Metal inset plates and geometric figures used for inductive demonstration of the Pythagorean theorem.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Short Bead Chainsresolved name
mathematics
Chains composed of hinged bead bars representing the square of a number, used for skip counting.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Coloured Bead Stairresolved name
mathematics
A collection of bead bars consisting of distinct quantities from 1 to 9, each quantity designated by a specific color.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Musical Pipesresolved name
music
A set of graded cylindrical acoustic pipes producing musical tones to form diatonic scales.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Movable Musical Notesresolved name
music
Small circular discs placed on musical staff boards to represent musical notation.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Movable Clef Signsresolved name
music
Cutout symbols of the treble and bass clefs placed upon staff boards.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Music Manuscript Paperresolved name
music
Small sheets of staff-ruled paper that children use to write musical notation and bind into booklets.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Metric Cubesresolved name
mathematics
A set of wooden cubes used in arithmetic to demonstrate powers, volumes, and metric relationships.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Long Stairresolved name
mathematics
Ten wooden rods graded in length from one decimeter to one meter, used for linear measurement and metric study.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Tape Measureresolved name
mathematics
A flexible graduated ribbon used to measure lengths and distances in metric units.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Metric Rulerresolved name
mathematics
A rigid measuring strip marked with centimeters and millimeters for linear measurement.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Bead Square of 8resolved name
mathematics
A square constructed by wiring together eight lavender eight-bead bars.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Bead Square of 9resolved name
mathematics
A square constructed by wiring together nine dark blue nine-bead bars.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Bead Square of 10resolved name
mathematics
A square constructed by wiring together ten orange ten-bead bars.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Grammar Analysis Frameresolved name
language
A compartmentalized wooden frame used for arranging and analyzing words and sentence parts.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Material for Inscribed and Concentric Figuresresolved name
mathematics
A set of nested geometric shapes and frames designed to demonstrate concentric and inscribed geometric relations.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Equivalence Material of the Squareresolved name
mathematics
A set of flat geometric insets demonstrating equivalence and fractions by dividing squares into rectangles and triangles.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Bead Cuberesolved name
mathematics
A solid cube constructed from stacked bead squares wired together for finding volume and cubic numbers.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Drawing Compassresolved name
mathematics
An adjustable drafting instrument used for drawing circles and constructing geometric figures.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Pitch Pipesresolved name
music
Small wind pipes used to produce specific musical pitches for auditory discrimination exercises.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Movable Notesresolved name
music
Cut-out musical notes equipped with pins for placing onto wooden stave boards to represent duration and pitch.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Geometric Solid: Triangular Prismresolved name
mathematics
A solid wooden triangular prism used in the elementary geometry curriculum for calculating volume.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Geometric Solid: Cylinderresolved name
mathematics
A solid wooden cylinder used in comparative volume measurement and solid geometry studies.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Geometric Solid: Sphereresolved name
mathematics
A wooden sphere measuring 10 cm in diameter used for solid geometry and volume calculation studies.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Xylophone Platesresolved name
music
Tuned wooden or metal plates struck to produce musical pitches for ear training and music-making.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Long Rodsresolved name
sensorial
A set of ten wooden rods of constant cross-section, increasing in length from 10 centimeters to 1 meter.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Golden Bead Bars of Tenresolved name
mathematics
Rigid wire bars strung with ten golden beads, representing the decimal unit of ten.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Tens Number Cardsresolved name
mathematics
Cards printed with multiples of ten used alongside beads to compose numbers and learn place value.summary, not a quotation
named, but this book states no age, no control of error and no lesson number for it
Where the method declares itself free
Both books stop short of fixing an order, and say so in their own words. These are not gaps in the extraction. They are the strongest statements either witness makes about sequence, and they hand the decision away — one to the mother, one to the child.
Handbook — authority: the book, the teacher
“The order which I have given refers to the degree of ease with which the child performs the exercises.”
“The teacher may select according to her own judgment certain forms from among the whole series at her disposal.”
- scan p. 56 — scope mixed, authority the book, from after the third case
- scan p. 83 — scope mixed, authority the teacher, from after this
Fisher — authority: the mother
“Order of Exercises to Be Modified According to Circumstances.”
“The order of exercises as hereafter indicated is to be followed with any ordinary child, but this must be modified according to circumstances.”
- p. 46 (scan 72) — scope released, authority the mother
- p. 47 (scan 73) — scope mixed, authority the mother, from after Exercise Six
Fisher’s declaration runs across a leaf break — it begins “It is not desirable that we give” at the foot of p. 46 and completes on p. 47. That sentence is not quoted anywhere on this site, because the quote check verifies against a single leaf and it appears whole on neither. The two halves above are what can be shown; the strongest form of the claim is visible only on the paper.
Stevens — authority: the child
“For the order in which these have been taken up in this chapter is not one that is necessary to follow in practice with the children.”
- p. 127 (scan 151; folio read from leaf) — scope released, authority the child
Advanced — authority: the child
“The external material is then offered, and left freely to the natural individual energies of the children.”
“Although normally drawing comes after the sensory exercises, he was left at liberty to do what he wished;”
“The children are free to choose the exercises they prefer; but of course, as the teacher initiates them in each exercise, they only choose the objects they know how to use.”
- scan p. 103 — scope released, authority the child
- scan p. 112 — scope released, authority the child, from after the sensory exercises
- scan p. 119 — scope mixed, authority the child, from after watching other children more advanced
Elementary — authority:
No order-authority statement was found in the probed span.